Visual obturator with tip openings

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to an optical obturator that facilitates the visualization of tissue therethrough during use. The optical obturator disclosed herein includes a housing that is disposed at a proximal end thereof, an elongate member that extends distally from the housing, a distal end formed of a substantially opaque material with one or more openings formed therein, and a shield member.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/944,235, filed Nov. 11, 2010, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/287,400, filed on Dec. 17, 2009, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to an apparatus for the penetration of body tissue. More particularly, the present invention relates to an optical obturator having an opaque distal end that includes one or more openings to facilitate the viewing of tissue.

2. Background of Related Art

In endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures, surgery is performed in any hollow viscus of the body through narrow tubes or cannulas inserted percutaneously through a small incision or access point in the skin. Generally, in such procedures, the surgical region is first insufflated. Thereafter, a surgical access assembly, such as a cannula or trocar assembly, is typically used to create the incision or access point by advancing a surgical instrument through the skin. Such instruments may include an obturator, stylet, or trocar, and will collectively be referred to as obturators throughout the present disclosure. An example of a known obturator may be seen in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,319,266 to Stellon, which issued Nov. 21, 2001, the contents of which are incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

Endoscopic, and in particular, laparoscopic procedures, often require a clinician to act on organs, tissues or vessels that are far removed from the incision or access point that may be difficult to see, e.g. due to the location of the organ, tissue, or vessel, the presence of blood or other fluids, or the crowded nature of the surgical workspace. Consequently, many known surgical access assemblies are employed blindly. Accordingly, there exists a need in the art for an obturator which facilitates the viewing of the underlying workspace therethrough.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to an optical obturator for use in accessing and penetrating body tissue during endoscopic procedures, laparoscopic procedures, and the like. The optical obturator includes an elongate member defining a first lumen therethrough and having proximal and distal ends. The distal end of the elongate member is formed of a substantially opaque material and includes at least one opening formed therein that is configured to facilitate the visualization of tissue. The optical obturator includes a shield member associated with the elongate member that is at least partially formed of an at least semi-transparent material, and may be configured for removable insertion within a surgical access assembly.

The present disclosure contemplates that the shield member may be disposed within the first lumen defined by the elongate member. In one embodiment, the shield member includes a second lumen that extends proximally from a distal end thereof that is configured to receive a visualization device. In this embodiment, the distal end of the elongate member includes an aperture that is configured to receive a penetrating element disposed at the distal end of the shield member, and the elongate member is repositionable between a plurality of positions, including a first position and at least one subsequent position.

In the first position, a distal-most tip of the penetrating element is concealed within the first lumen of the elongate member, and in the second position, the distal-most tip of penetrating element at least partially extends distally of the aperture. The obturator may further include a biasing member operatively associated with the elongate member to normally bias the elongate member toward the first position.

In another embodiment, the shield member is secured to an internal surface of the elongate member at the distal end thereof. The shield member may define a contoured portion that substantially approximates the configuration of the internal surface of the elongate member. It is contemplated that the shield member may exhibit a variety of profiles, one of which may be arcuate in configuration.

In yet another embodiment, the distal end of the elongate member includes a penetrating element and the shield member includes an optical member, e.g. a lens, disposed at a distal end thereof that is adapted to permit the passage of light therethrough.

In an alternate aspect of the present disclosure, the shield member is disposed externally of the obturator's elongate member, and may be so disposed in either a fixed or releasable manner.

In still another aspect of the present disclosure, the distal end of the elongate member is adapted to facilitate percutaneous entry through a patient's tissue. In alternate embodiments, the distal end of the elongate member of the obturator may be either substantially incisive or substantially blunt.

In a final embodiment, the distal end of the elongate member exhibits a profile that is at least partially tapered.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in, and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and, together with a general description of the disclosure given above and the detailed description of the embodiment(s) given below, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical system in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure illustrating a surgical access assembly, a visualization device, and an optical obturator in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2A is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the optical obturator of FIG. 1 depicting a novel shield member;

FIG. 2B is a side cross-sectional view of one another embodiment of the optical obturator of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a distal end of the optical obturator of FIGS. 1-2;

FIG. 4A is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the optical obturator of

FIG. 1 and the shield member of FIG. 2A shown in a first, or advanced position;

FIG. 4B is a side cross-sectional view of the optical obturator and shield member of FIG. 4A shown in a second, or retracted position;

FIG. 5A is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the optical obturator and shield member of FIG. 4A shown in a first, or advanced position;

FIG. 5B is a side cross-sectional view of the optical obturator and shield member of FIG. 5A shown in a second, or retracted position;

FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the shield member of FIG. 2A disposed within the obturator of FIGS. 2A-2B;

FIG. 7A is a side view of another embodiment of the shield member of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 7B is a side cross-sectional view of the shield member of FIG. 7A disposed within the optical obturator of FIGS. 4A-4B;

FIG. 7C is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the shield member of FIGS. 7A-7B disposed within the optical obturator of FIGS. 4A-4B; and

FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the shield member of FIG. 2A disposed within the optical obturator of FIGS. 2A-2B and FIG. 6;

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Specific embodiments of the presently disclosed apparatus and method will now be described in detail with reference to the foregoing figures wherein like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements. In the figures, and in the description which follows, as is traditional, the term “proximal” will refer to the end of the apparatus or instrument of the present disclosure which is closest to the clinician, while the term “distal” will refer to the end of the device or instrument which is furthest from the clinician. In addition, throughout the present disclosure, the term “opaque” is to be interpreted as describing the ability of a material to substantially prevent the passage of visible light or other radiation utilized for imaging purposes therethrough, while the term “transparent” is to be interpreted as describing the ability of a material to substantially permit the passage of any such light or radiation therethrough, either with or without clear imaging capabilities. Moreover, the term “transparent” should be construed throughout this disclosure as inclusive of any material that is either transparent or translucent in nature, i.e. any material that is not opaque. Finally, the term “biocompatible material” shall be understood as any material possessing the quality of not having toxic or injurious effects on biological systems, including stainless steel, titanium, or any presently known or later devised alloy thereof, or alternatively, a polymeric material, such as polycarbonate, polystyrene, or the like.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a surgical system 10 in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. System 10 has particular application in endoscopic procedures, laparoscopic procedures, and the like, and includes a surgical access or portal assembly 100, a visualization device 200, and an optical obturator 300 that is the subject of the present disclosure.

Surgical access assembly 100 has a proximal end 102, a distal end 104, a valve or seal housing 106 disposed at a proximal end 102, and a shaft or elongate member 108 that extends distally from valve housing 106.

Valve housing 106 is configured for the removable insertion of a surgical instrument, e.g. optical obturator 300, and for the internal receipt of a surgical valve or seal member (not shown). Valve housing 106 may be any structure suitable for these intended purposes and may be formed of any suitable biocompatible material. Further information regarding valve housing 106 may be obtained through reference to commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 7,169,130 to Exline et al., the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Extending distally from valve housing 106 is elongate member 108. Elongate member 108 defines a lumen 110 that extends longitudinally therethrough that is configured for the removable insertion of a surgical instrument, e.g. optical obturator 300, and may be formed of any suitable biocompatible material. At a distal end 104, elongate member 108 defines an opening 112 that is configured to allow the surgical instrument to pass therethrough.

Visualization device 200 may be any device suitable for the intended purpose of facilitating the visualization of tissue during the course of a surgical procedure. In one embodiment, visualization device 200 may be any conventional scope suitable for laparoscopic or endoscopic applications including, e.g., a laparoscope, endoscope, arthroscope, colonoscope, or the like. As an illustrative example, visualization device 200 may be the scope disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,412,504 to Leiner (hereinafter “Leiner”), the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Visualization device 200 is configured to transmit an image from a distal end 202, which includes a window 204, to an eye piece 206 for viewing by the clinician, and may incorporate an illuminating system (not shown) for providing light. Although depicted as incorporating an eyepiece 206 throughout the present disclosure, visualization device 200 may, either additionally or alternatively, be connected to a monitor or screen (not shown). Further details regarding visualization device 200 may be ascertained through reference to Leiner. Prior to the commencement of the surgical procedure, visualization device 200 may be at least partially positioned within optical obturator 300, as discussed in further detail below.

With reference now to FIGS. 1-8, the optical obturator 300 that is the subject of the present disclosure will be discussed. In each of the following embodiments, the proximal end of the device (not shown) is substantially similar to that of optical obturator 300, and will therefore not be discussed in the interests of brevity.

FIGS. 1 and 2A depicts an exemplary optical obturator 300 that includes a housing 302, an elongate member 304 extending distally from housing 302 along a longitudinal axis “A”, and a shield member 306 that is associated with elongate member 304.

Housing 302 may be advantageously dimensioned for grasping by the clinician, and may be formed from any suitable biocompatible material. In one embodiment, housing 302 includes a locking mechanism 308 or other structure suitable for the intended purpose of securing an instrument therein, such as visualization device 200 for example, as described in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/103,892 to Smith, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Elongate member 304 has a proximal end 310, a distal end 312, and defines a longitudinal lumen 314 that extends at least partially therethrough that is configured for the removable insertion of visualization device 200. Elongate member 304 may be fabricated from any suitable biocompatible material.

In each of the embodiments disclosed herein, upon the insertion of visualization device 200 into elongate member 304 of optical obturator 300, visualization device 200 remains disposed proximally of a distal end 320 of shield member 306 throughout the course of the surgical procedure in which optical obturator 300 is employed, as discussed in further detail below.

Distal end 312 of elongate member 304 is configured for percutaneous insertion into the tissue (not shown) of a patient and may be configured in any manner suitable for this intended purpose. Distal end 312 may be configured for insertion into a percutaneous opening, incision, or puncture that is pre-formed in the tissue, as depicted in FIG. 2A. In this embodiment, distal end 312 is configured to dilate the percutaneous opening upon the insertion of optical obturator 300 and exhibits a substantially blunt configuration. As seen in FIG. 2B, in an alternate embodiment, distal end 312 is configured to create the percutaneous opening, and to that end, is substantially incisive in configuration. In each of the embodiments of FIGS. 2A-2B, distal end 312 exhibits a substantially tapered profile “P” having a diameter that steadily decreases. However, an optical obturator 300 having a distal end 312 that exhibits a configuration with a substantially uniform diameter is also within the scope of the present disclosure. Distal end 312 includes one or more openings 316 formed therein that are configured to facilitate the visualization of tissue through optical obturator 300 by visualization device 200 upon the insertion of visualization device 200 into optical obturator 300. Openings 316 may exhibit any suitable configuration, including but not being limited to an elliptical, circular, or arcuate configuration.

As seen in FIGS. 2A-2B, shield member 306 is disposed within elongate member 304 of optical obturator 300 and includes an outer member 318 and a distal end 320. During the insertion of optical obturator 300 through tissue, and the subsequent distal advancement thereof, any tissue or bodily fluids that may enter lumen 314 through openings 316 formed in distal end 312 of optical obturator 300 will encounter shield member 306, and will therefore not obscure the images captured by visualization device 200.

Outer member 318 of shield member 306 defines a second lumen 322 that is configured to removably receive visualization device 200. Outer member 318 may be formed of any suitable biocompatible material that may be partially or wholly opaque or transparent.

Distal end 320 of shield member 306 includes a visualization portion 324 that is formed of an at least partially transparent material such that light may pass therethrough. This facilitates the visualization of tissue through visualization device 200 and optical obturator 300 by a clinician, as described in further detail below. In alternate embodiments, visualization portion 324 may comprise, either in whole or in part, a lens, and may be substantially flat or at least partially arcuate in configuration.

In alternate embodiments, the present disclosure contemplates that shield member 306 may be fixedly, movably, or releasably disposed within elongate member 304 of optical obturator 300. Additionally, although depicted as disposed within elongate member 304 in FIGS. 2A-2B, in alternate embodiments, shield member 306 may be associated with elongate member 304 in any suitable manner, including but not limited to being connected to, disposed within, or disposed externally of elongate member 304, as discussed below.

Referring now to FIGS. 4-8, various embodiments of optical obturator 300 and shield member 306 will be discussed. With reference to FIGS. 4A-4B in particular, optical obturator 300 _(A) is disclosed. Optical obturator 300 _(A) is substantially similar to the exemplary optical obturator 300 discussed above and seen in FIGS. 2-3, but for distal end 312 _(A), which is discussed in further detail below, and includes elongate member 304 _(A) that defines a first lumen 314 _(A), and shield member 306 _(A).

Distal end 312 _(A) of optical obturator 300 _(A) includes one or more openings 316 formed therein, as discussed above with respect to optical obturator 300, and defines an aperture 326 that is configured to receive a portion of shield member 306 _(A), as discussed in further detail below.

Shield member 306 _(A) is disposed within a lumen 314 _(A) defined by elongate member 304 _(A) of optical obturator 300 _(A). Shield member 306 _(A) includes an outer member 318 _(A) and a distal end 320 _(A).

Outer member 318 _(A) of shield member 306 _(A) defines a second lumen or cavity 322 _(A) that is configured to removably receive visualization device 200. Outer member 318 _(A) may be formed of any suitable biocompatible material that may be either partially or wholly opaque or transparent.

Distal end 320 _(A) of shield member 306 _(A) includes a penetrating element 328 _(A), which includes a distal-most tip 330 _(A), and a visualization portion 324 _(A). Visualization portion 324 _(A) is at least partially transparent such that light may pass therethrough, thereby facilitating the visualization of tissue by a clinician, as discussed above with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 2-3. In one embodiment, visualization portion 324 _(A) may comprise, either in whole or in part, a lens.

Penetrating element 328 _(A) may be either substantially blunt or incisive dependent upon the particular surgical application in which optical obturator 300 _(A) may be employed, and may be configured in any manner suitable for the intended purpose of facilitating percutaneous access to the internal cavities of a patient.

Shield member 306 _(A) is engagable with elongate member 304 _(A) of obturator 300 _(A) such that elongate member 304 _(A) is adapted for reciprocal longitudinal movement relative to the shield member 306 _(A) between a plurality of conditions including a first, or advanced position (FIG. 4A), and at least one subsequent position, including a retracted, position (FIG. 4B). Any means of engagement between shield member 306 _(A) and elongate member 304 _(A) suitable for the intended purpose of facilitating the aforementioned reciprocal longitudinal movement is within the scope of the present disclosure. In the first position, penetrating element 328 is concealed within lumen 314 _(A) of optical obturator 300 _(A) such that distal-most tip 330 _(A) of penetrating element 328 _(A) does not extend distally beyond distal end 312 _(A) of optical obturator 300 _(A). In repositioning from the first position to the second position, elongate member 304 _(A) moves proximally with respect to shield member 306 _(A). As elongate member moves proximally, penetrating element 328 _(A) is received by aperture 326 such that in the second position, distal-most tip 330 _(A) extends distally beyond distal end 312 _(A) of optical obturator 300 _(A), thereby facilitating the creation of a percutaneous access site in tissue “T”.

As seen in FIGS. 5A-5B, in one embodiment, optical obturator 300 _(B) includes a biasing member 332, e.g. a spring, that is operatively associated with elongate member 304 _(B). Biasing member 332 normally biases elongate member 304 _(B) of obturator 300 _(B) toward the first, or advanced position, such that distal-most tip 330 _(B) of penetrating element 328 _(B) of shield member 306 _(B) is disposed within first lumen 314 _(B) of optical obturator 300 _(B) when optical obturator 300 _(B) is not in use. As seen in FIG. 5B, upon the introduction of optical obturator 300 _(B) to tissue “T”, elongate member 304 _(B) begins to retract or move proximally with respect to shield member 306 _(B) in the direction indicated by arrow “P”. As optical obturator 300 _(B) is advanced distally, in the direction indicated by arrow “D”, elongate member 304 _(B) continues to move proximally, thereby facilitating contact between distal-most tip 330 _(B) of penetrating element 328 _(B), and the ultimate penetration of tissue “T”.

During the distal advancement of optical obturator 300 _(B), as elongate member 304 _(A) moves proximally, biasing member 332 is contracted, thereby creating a biasing force “F_(B)” in biasing member 332. Biasing force “F_(B)” endeavors to expand biasing member 332 to its initial, pre-contraction length and thereby advance elongate member “F_(B)” distally, returning elongate member 304 _(B) to the first position, due to the operative association of biasing member 332 with elongate member 304 _(B). As optical obturator 300 _(B) is withdrawn from tissue “T” in the direction of arrow “P”, biasing force “F_(B)” acts on elongate member 304 _(B), urging elongate member 304 _(B) distally toward the first position such that upon complete removal of optical obturator 300 _(B) from tissue “T”, elongate member 304 _(B) may be returned to the first position, thereby once again concealing penetrating element 328 _(B) within first lumen 314 _(B) of optical obturator 300 _(B).

Referring now to FIG. 6, optical obturator 300 _(C) is disclosed. Optical obturator 300 _(C) is substantially similar to the optical obturator 300 disclosed in FIGS. 2-3 and discussed above, and includes an elongate member 304 _(C) that defines a lumen 314 _(C), and a shield member 306 _(C).

Shield member 306 _(C) is disposed externally of elongate member 304 _(C) and is secured thereto in any suitable manner and at any suitable location proximal of distal end 312 _(C) of optical obturator 300 _(C). Shield member 306 _(C) may be either fixedly secured to elongate member 304 _(C), or shield member 306 _(C) may be releasably secured thereto, such that shield member 306 _(C) may be discarded after use.

In alternate embodiments, it is contemplated that shield member 306 _(C) may be at least partially disposed within elongate member 304 _(C) optical obturator 300. Shield member 306 _(C) may be formed of any suitable biocompatible material, including but not being limited to stainless steel, titanium, or any presently known or later devised alloy thereof, or polymeric materials, such as polycarbonate, polystyrene, etc, and may be either substantially rigid or substantially flexible in character.

Shield member 306 _(C) includes a visualization portion 324 _(C) that is disposed about distal end 312 _(C) of optical obturator 300 _(C). Visualization portion 324 _(C) is at least partially transparent such that light may pass therethrough, as well as through openings 316 formed in distal end 312 _(C) of optical obturator 300 _(C), thereby facilitating the visualization of tissue, as discussed above with respect to each of the aforedescribed embodiments. The remaining portion of shield member 306 _(B) may be formed, either wholly or in part, of a material that is either substantially opaque or substantially transparent.

As seen in FIGS. 7A-7B, in another embodiment, optical obturator 300 _(D) is disclosed. Optical obturator 300 _(D) is substantially similar to optical obturator 300 _(A) discussed above and seen in FIGS. 4A-4B, and includes an elongate member 304 _(D)that defines a lumen 314 _(D), and a shield member 306 _(D). Distal end 312 _(D) of obturator 300 _(D) includes one or more openings 316 formed therein, as discussed above with respect to each of the previously disclosed optical obturators.

Shield member 306 _(D) is disposed within elongate member 304 _(D) of obturator 300 _(D) at a distal end 312 _(D). Shield member 306 _(D) includes a penetrating element 328 _(D) and a connective member 336 having a visualization portion 324 _(D). In alternate embodiments, shield member 306 _(D) may be fixedly, movably, or releasably secured to elongate member 304 _(D) of optical obturator 300 _(D) in any suitable manner, including but not being limited to welding, through the use of adhesives, or through a snap-fit or interference arrangement.

Penetrating element 328 _(D) is configured for receipt by aperture 326 formed in distal end 312 _(D) of optical obturator 300 _(D), as discussed above with respect to the optical obturator 300 _(A) depicted in FIGS. 4A-4B. Penetrating element 328 _(D) may be either substantially blunt or incisive dependent upon the particular surgical application in which obturator 300 _(D) may be employed, and may be configured in any manner suitable for the intended purpose of facilitating percutaneous access to the internal cavities of a patient.

Connective member 336 extends proximally from penetrating element 328 _(D) of shield member 306 _(D) and constitutes the point of engagement between shield member 306 _(D) and elongate member 304 _(D) of optical obturator 300 _(D). In one aspect of shield member 306 _(D), as seen in FIG. 7A-7B, connective member 336 includes a contoured portion 338 that substantially approximates the configuration of penetrating element 334 of elongate member 304 _(D) such that a substantially fluid tight seal is created between shield member 306 _(D) and penetrating element 334 of elongate member 304 _(D). In this embodiment, connective member 336 _(D) is configured to engage visualization device 200 upon the insertion thereof into optical obturator 300 _(D), and to that end, connective member 336 _(D) includes an abutment portion 340 _(D) defining dimensions that substantially approximate those of visualization device 200 such that visualization device 200 may be releasably received by abutment portion 340 _(D). In an alternate embodiment, as seen in FIG. 7C, connective member 336 extends proximally from distal end 320 _(D) of shield member 306 _(D) such that a second lumen 322 _(D) is defined that is configured to removably receive visualization device 200, as with the embodiments of FIGS. 2-4B.

Connective member 336 of shield member 306 _(D) includes a visualization portion 324, which is formed of an at least partially transparent material such that light may pass therethrough and enter openings 316 formed in distal end 312 _(D) of optical obturator 300 _(D), thereby facilitating the visualization of tissue by a clinician using visualization device 200, as discussed above with respect to each of the previous embodiments. Whereas visualization portion 324 _(D) is formed of an at least partially transparent material, the remaining portion of shield member 306 _(D) may be formed of a material that is either substantially transparent or substantially opaque. In an alternate embodiment of shield member 306 _(D), it is contemplated that connective member 336 may be entirely formed of an at least partially transparent material.

Referring now to FIG. 8, in a further embodiment, optical obturator 300 _(E) is disclosed. Optical obturator 300 _(E) is substantially similar to optical obturators 300, 300 _(C) discussed above and seen in FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 6, respectively, and includes an elongate member 304 _(E) that defines a lumen 314 _(E), a distal end 312 _(E) having a penetrating member 328 _(E) and one or more openings 316 formed therein, and shield member 306 _(E).

Shield member 306 _(E) is disposed within lumen 314 _(E) and may be releasably, fixedly, or movably secured to elongate member 304 _(E) in any suitable manner. Shield member 306 _(E) may be formed of any suitable biocompatible material that is at least partially formed of a transparent material such that light may pass therethrough and into visualization device 200 through openings 316 formed in distal end 312 _(E) optical obturator 300 _(E), thereby facilitating the visualization of tissue through optical obturator 300 _(E), as discussed above with respect to each of the preceding embodiments. Shield member 306 _(E) may include an abutment portion (not shown) that defines dimensions that substantially approximate those of visualization device 200 such that visualization device 200 may be releasably received by the abutment portion (not shown), as discussed above with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 7A-7B.

Referring to FIGS. 1-3, the use and function of the system 10 will now be discussed. Throughout the following discussion, optical obturator 300 will be referred to in an illustrative capacity only and it should be understood that each of the embodiments of the optical obturator 300 and shield member 306 disclosed herein may be employed in a substantially similar manner.

Initially, the peritoneal cavity is first insufflated with a suitable biocompatible gas such as, e.g., CO₂ gas, such that the cavity wall is raised and lifted away from the internal organs and tissue housed therein, providing greater access thereto. The insufflation may be performed with an insufflation needle or similar device, as is conventional in the art. Following insufflation, visualization device 200 is positioned within optical obturator 300, specifically, within lumen 314 defined by elongate member 304. Visualization device 200 is advanced distally such that visualization device 200 is disposed substantially adjacent visualization portion 324 of shield member 306. Thereafter, visualization device 200 and optical obturator 300 are positioned within surgical access assembly 100. Optical obturator 300 is advanced distally until contact is made with tissue “T”, at which time, penetrating element 328 facilitates the percutaneous insertion of optical obturator 300, and consequently, surgical access assembly 100. During the distal advancement of surgical access assembly 100 and optical obturator 300 through tissue “T”, any tissue or bodily fluids that may enter lumen 314 of optical obturator 300 will encounter shield member 306, and will therefore not obscure the images captured by visualization device 200 through direct contact therewith.

While the above is a complete description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, various alternatives, modifications and equivalents may be used. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but rather as illustrative of the principles of the disclosure made herein. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto. 

1. (canceled)
 2. A surgical apparatus, which comprises: a first member defining a longitudinal axis and proximal and distal ends, the first member defining a first longitudinal lumen extending along the longitudinal axis, and having a leading end segment adjacent the distal end configured to pass through tissue, the leading end segment having a wall and at least one opening extending through the wall in communication with the first longitudinal lumen; and a second member positionable within the first longitudinal lumen of the first member, the second member defining a second longitudinal lumen configured for insertion of a viewing device and having a closed window enclosing the second longitudinal lumen, the closed window comprising a transparent material.
 3. The surgical apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the closed window of the second member includes a penetrating element, the penetrating element configured to extend through the at least one opening in the leading end segment of the first member.
 4. The surgical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the closed window of the second member is mounted to the leading end segment of the first member.
 5. The surgical apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the closed window of the second member is releasably mounted to the leading end segment of the first member.
 6. The surgical apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the closed window of the second member is secured to the leading end segment of the first member.
 7. The surgical apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the closed window of the second member is configured to establish a seal with the leading end segment of the first member to prevent fluids from entering the first longitudinal lumen of the first member.
 8. The surgical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first member and the second member are adapted for relative longitudinal movement between a first position where the penetrating element of the second member is concealed within the first member and a second position where the penetrating element of the second member extends through the at least one opening of the leading end segment of the first member.
 9. The surgical apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first member and the second member are normally biased toward the first position.
 10. The surgical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the closed window of the second member includes a lens.
 11. The surgical apparatus according to claim 2, including an endoscope positionable within the second longitudinal lumen of the second member.
 12. The surgical apparatus according to claim 2, including a cannula defining a longitudinal axis and having a longitudinal passageway therethrough, the cannula dimensioned for passage through tissue, the first member and the second member positionable within the longitudinal passageway of the cannula.
 13. The surgical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the leading end segment of the first member has at least two openings extending through the wall in communication with the first longitudinal lumen.
 14. The surgical apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the at least two openings in the leading end segment of the first member include a first opening in general alignment with the longitudinal axis of the elongate member.
 15. The surgical apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the at least two openings include second and third openings which are displaced radially with respect to the longitudinal axis.
 16. A surgical apparatus, which comprises: a first member defining a longitudinal axis and proximal and distal ends, the first member defining a longitudinal lumen extending along the longitudinal axis, and having a leading end segment adjacent the distal end configured to pass through tissue, the leading end segment having a wall and at least one opening extending through the wall in communication with the first longitudinal lumen; and a second member mounted within the longitudinal lumen of the first member, the second member having a closed window enclosing a proximal lumen segment of the longitudinal lumen of the first member proximal of the second member to prevent ingress of fluids into the proximal lumen segment, the closed window comprising a transparent material.
 17. The surgical apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the closed window of the second member is releasably mounted to the first member.
 18. The surgical apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the closed window of the second member is secured to the first member.
 19. The surgical apparatus according to claim 16, including an endoscope positionable within the longitudinal lumen of the first member.
 20. A surgical method, comprising: advancing a leading end segment of a first member through tissue to access an underlying site, the first member defining a longitudinal lumen; enclosing the longitudinal lumen of the first member with a second member mounted within the longitudinal lumen of the first member to prevent ingress of fluids within a proximal lumen segment of the longitudinal lumen disposed proximal of the second member, the second member comprising a transparent material; introducing a viewing device within the longitudinal lumen; and visualizing the underlying site with the viewing device through the second member. 